{"id":6717,"date":"2025-09-29T13:40:06","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T05:40:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/?p=6717"},"modified":"2025-09-29T13:40:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T05:40:14","slug":"ai%e9%83%a8%e7%bd%b2%e9%80%9a%e7%94%a8c%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%82%b9-%e9%9d%a2%e8%af%95%e5%bf%85%e7%9f%a5%e5%bf%85%e4%bc%9apart1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/c\/ai%e9%83%a8%e7%bd%b2%e9%80%9a%e7%94%a8c%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%82%b9-%e9%9d%a2%e8%af%95%e5%bf%85%e7%9f%a5%e5%bf%85%e4%bc%9apart1\/","title":{"rendered":"AI\u90e8\u7f72\u901a\u7528C++\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9&#8211;\u9762\u8bd5\u5fc5\u77e5\u5fc5\u4f1a(part1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1.&nbsp;<code><a href=\"javascript:;\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\" >#include<\/a><\/code>\uff1a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7&nbsp;<code>\" \"<\/code>&nbsp;vs. \u5c16\u62ec\u53f7&nbsp;<code>&lt; &gt;<\/code><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7ed3\u8bba\u5148\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9879\u76ee\u5185\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u7528\u00a0<code>\"...\"<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u7528\u00a0<code>&lt;...><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u67e5\u627e\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u901a\u7528\u601d\u8def\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code><a href=\"javascript:;\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\" >#include<\/a>\u00a0\"\u540d\u5b57\"<\/code>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5148\u5728\u201c<strong>\u5f53\u524d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\u201d\u67e5\u627e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u518d\u67e5\u00a0<strong>\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u00a0<code>-I<\/code>\/\u201cAdditional Include Directories\u201d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6700\u540e\u67e5\u00a0<strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff08\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf SDK \u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code><a href=\"javascript:;\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\" >#include<\/a>\u00a0&lt;\u540d\u5b57><\/code>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u00a0<strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a\u9879\u76ee\u5185\u7528&nbsp;<code>\"...\"<\/code>\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff08\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\uff09\u7528&nbsp;<code>&lt;...&gt;<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u6307\u9488\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u6307\u9488\u3001\u6307\u9488\u5e38\u91cf\uff1b<code>const<\/code>&nbsp;\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.1 \u6307\u9488\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6307\u9488\u662f\u201c<strong>\u5e26\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\u201d\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u503c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u6307\u5411\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0<code>*p<\/code>\u00a0\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u5904\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.2 \u201c\u5e38\u91cf\u6307\u9488\u201d vs \u201c\u6307\u9488\u5e38\u91cf\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5e38\u91cf\u6307\u9488\uff08pointer to const\uff09<\/strong><code>const\u00a0int\u00a0*p; \u00a0 \u00a0<em>\/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e int const *p;<\/em><br><\/code><code>int\u00a0x =\u00a010, y =\u00a020;<br>const\u00a0int\u00a0*p = &amp;x;<br>p = &amp;y; \u00a0\u00a0<em>\/\/ \u2705 \u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u6307\u5411<\/em><br>*p =\u00a030; \u00a0<em>\/\/ \u274c \u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u503c<\/em><\/code><ul><li><strong>\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong>\uff1a<code>const<\/code>\u00a0\u9760\u8fd1\u00a0<code>*p<\/code>\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u201c<strong>\u6240\u6307\u4e4b\u7269<\/strong>\u201d\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u542b\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0<code>p<\/code>\u00a0\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u4f46\u00a0<strong>p \u81ea\u8eab\u53ef\u6539\u6307\u5411<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6307\u9488\u5e38\u91cf\uff08const pointer\uff09<\/strong><code>int\u00a0*const\u00a0p = &amp;x;<br><\/code><code>int\u00a0x =\u00a010, y =\u00a020;<br>int\u00a0*const\u00a0p = &amp;x;<br>*p =\u00a030; \u00a0<em>\/\/ \u2705 \u53ef\u6539\u503c<\/em><br>p = &amp;y; \u00a0\u00a0<em>\/\/ \u274c \u6307\u9488\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8<\/em><\/code><ul><li><strong>\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong>\uff1a<code>const<\/code>\u00a0\u9760\u8fd1\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u00a0<code>p<\/code>\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u201c<strong>\u6307\u9488\u81ea\u8eab<\/strong>\u201d\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u542b\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a<code>p<\/code>\u00a0\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5730\u5740\u00a0<strong>\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8<\/strong>\uff1b\u4f46\u00a0<strong>\u53ef\u6539\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u503c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e24\u8005\u7686\u5b9a<\/strong><code>const\u00a0int\u00a0*const\u00a0p = &amp;x;\u00a0<em>\/\/ \u503c\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u5747\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8<\/em><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.3&nbsp;<code>const<\/code>&nbsp;\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9632\u8bef\u6539<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bed\u4e49\u5316\u201c\u53ea\u8bfb\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u63a5\u53e3\u66f4\u6e05\u6670<\/strong>\uff1a<code>void\u00a0printStr(const\u00a0char* s);\u00a0<em>\/\/ \u627f\u8bfa\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u6765\u8bbf\u6570\u636e<\/em><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5229\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\/\u66f4\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u6298\u53e0\u3001\u66f4\u5c11\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u597d\u63a8\u65ad<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0e\u00a0<code><a href=\"javascript:;\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\" >#define<\/a><\/code>\u00a0\u76f8\u6bd4\uff1a<code>const<\/code><strong>\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u8c03\u8bd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff08\u9700\u53ef\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\uff09\uff1a<code>const\u00a0int\u00a0N =\u00a010;<br>int\u00a0a[N];\u00a0<em>\/\/ \u2705 \u82e5 N \u7684\u503c\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u53ef\u77e5<\/em><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. C++11 \u65b0\u7279\u6027\u901f\u89c8<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.1 \u7edf\u4e00\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff08Initializer List\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int&nbsp;arr&#91;3]{1,2,3};<br>std::vector&lt;int&gt; v{1,2,3,4};<br>struct&nbsp;Point&nbsp;{&nbsp;int&nbsp;x;&nbsp;int&nbsp;y; };<br>Point p{10,20};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u907f\u514d\u7f29\u7a84\uff08narrowing\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>double&nbsp;d =&nbsp;3.14;<br>int&nbsp;x(d); &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>\/\/ \u5141\u8bb8\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u622a\u65ad\uff09<\/em><br>int&nbsp;y = d; &nbsp;&nbsp;<em>\/\/ \u5141\u8bb8\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u622a\u65ad\uff09<\/em><br>int&nbsp;z{d}; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>\/\/ \u274c \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u4ece double \u5230 int \u7684\u7f29\u7a84<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.2&nbsp;<code>auto<\/code>&nbsp;\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7531\u00a0<strong>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong>\u00a0\u63a8\u5bfc\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>auto&nbsp;x =&nbsp;10; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<em>\/\/ int<\/em><br>auto&nbsp;it = v.begin(); &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<em>\/\/ std::vector&lt;int&gt;::iterator<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7ea6\u675f\u8981\u70b9\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/strong>\uff08<code>auto a;<\/code>\u00a0\u274c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u00a0<strong>\u51fd\u6570\u5f62\u53c2\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u00a0<strong>\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff08<code>auto arr[] = ...<\/code>\u00a0\u274c\uff1b<code>auto p = \"abc\";<\/code>\u00a0\u662f\u6307\u9488\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u4e00\u58f0\u660e\u8bed\u53e5\u91cc\u5404\u53d8\u91cf\u63a8\u5bfc\u7c7b\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0e\u00a0<code>decltype<\/code>\u00a0\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.3&nbsp;<code>decltype<\/code>&nbsp;\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u578b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int&nbsp;a =&nbsp;5;<br>decltype(a) b =&nbsp;10;&nbsp;<em>\/\/ b \u4e3a int<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89c4\u5219\u901f\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>exp<\/code>\u00a0\u975e\u62ec\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u540d\u5b57\/\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f \u2192 \u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u5176\u00a0<strong>\u7c7b\u578b\u672c\u8eab<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>exp<\/code>\u00a0\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528 \u2192 \u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u00a0<strong>\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>exp<\/code>\u00a0\u4e3a\u00a0<strong>\u5de6\u503c<\/strong>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0<strong>\u88ab\u62ec\u53f7\u5305\u56f4<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 \u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u00a0<strong>\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class&nbsp;Base&nbsp;{&nbsp;public:&nbsp;int&nbsp;m; };<br>int&nbsp;fun(int&nbsp;a,&nbsp;int&nbsp;b){&nbsp;return&nbsp;a + b; }<br><br>int&nbsp;x =&nbsp;2;<br>decltype(x) y = x; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>\/\/ int<\/em><br>decltype(fun(x,y)) sum =&nbsp;0; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<em>\/\/ int\uff08fun \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\uff09<\/em><br><br>Base A;<br>decltype(A.m) u =&nbsp;0; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>\/\/ int<\/em><br>decltype((A.m)) r = u; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>\/\/ int&amp; &nbsp;\u2014\u2014 \u6ce8\u610f\u62ec\u53f7<\/em><br><br>decltype(x+y) c =&nbsp;0; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>\/\/ int<\/em><br>decltype(x = x + y) d = c; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>\/\/ int&amp; &nbsp;\u2014\u2014 \u5de6\u503c<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e0e&nbsp;<code>auto<\/code>&nbsp;\u7684\u5dee\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>auto<\/code>\uff1a\u7531\u00a0<strong>\u521d\u59cb\u503c<\/strong>\u00a0\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c<strong>\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>decltype<\/code>\uff1a\u7531\u00a0<strong>\u4efb\u610f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong>\u00a0\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.4 \u8303\u56f4&nbsp;<code>for<\/code>\uff08Range-based for\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>std::vector&lt;int&gt; v{1,2,3};<br>for&nbsp;(auto&nbsp;&amp;x : v) {<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; x *=&nbsp;2;<br>}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u663e\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\/\u4e0b\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5&nbsp;<code>nullptr<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>void&nbsp;f(int);<br>void&nbsp;f(char*);<br>f(nullptr);&nbsp;<em>\/\/ \u8c03\u7528 f(char*)\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0e f(int) \u4e8c\u4e49\u6027<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u4f18\u4e8e\u00a0<code>NULL<\/code>\/<code>0<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.6 Lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;capture](params) -&gt; ret { body }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>auto&nbsp;add = &#91;](int&nbsp;x,&nbsp;int&nbsp;y){&nbsp;return&nbsp;x + y; };<br>std::for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), &#91;](int&nbsp;&amp;x){ x *=&nbsp;2; });<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6355\u83b7\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int&nbsp;a =&nbsp;10, b =&nbsp;20;<br><br><em>\/\/ \u6309\u503c\u6355\u83b7<\/em><br>auto&nbsp;by_val = &#91;=](){&nbsp;<em>\/* \u8bfb a,b \u7684\u526f\u672c *\/<\/em>&nbsp;};<br><br><em>\/\/ \u6309\u5f15\u7528\u6355\u83b7<\/em><br>auto&nbsp;by_ref = &#91;&amp;](){ a *=&nbsp;2; b +=&nbsp;5; };<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.7 \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff08Smart Pointer\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<code>&lt;memory><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>std::unique_ptr<\/code>\uff1a\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u62f7\u8d1d<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\uff08<code>std::move<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>std::shared_ptr<\/code>\uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/strong>\uff1b\u6ce8\u610f<strong>\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>**<code>std::weak_ptr<\/code>**\uff1a\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u7834\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u00a0<code>lock()<\/code>\u00a0\u83b7\u5f97\u4e34\u65f6\u00a0<code>shared_ptr<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#include&nbsp;&lt;memory&gt;<br>#include&nbsp;&lt;iostream&gt;<br><br>class&nbsp;A;class&nbsp;B;<br><br>class&nbsp;A&nbsp;{<br>public:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;std::shared_ptr&lt;B&gt; b;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; ~A(){&nbsp;std::cout&nbsp;&lt;&lt;&nbsp;\"A destroyed\\n\"; }<br>};<br><br>class&nbsp;B&nbsp;{<br>public:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;std::weak_ptr&lt;A&gt; a;&nbsp;<em>\/\/ \u7528 weak_ptr \u89c2\u5bdf A<\/em><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; ~B(){&nbsp;std::cout&nbsp;&lt;&lt;&nbsp;\"B destroyed\\n\"; }<br>};<br><br>int&nbsp;main(){<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;auto&nbsp;a =&nbsp;std::make_shared&lt;A&gt;();<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;auto&nbsp;b =&nbsp;std::make_shared&lt;B&gt;();<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; a-&gt;b = b;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; b-&gt;a = a;&nbsp;<em>\/\/ \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528<\/em><br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;if&nbsp;(auto&nbsp;locked = b-&gt;a.lock()) {<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;std::cout&nbsp;&lt;&lt;&nbsp;\"lock ok\\n\";<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; }<br>}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.8 \u5de6\u503c\/\u53f3\u503c \u4e0e \u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5de6\u503c\uff08lvalue\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u53d6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u505a\u8d4b\u503c\u53f7\u5de6\u4fa7\uff1b\u5982\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u53f3\u503c\uff08rvalue\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\/\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u4e45\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u91cf\u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u79fb\u52a8\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>std::vector&lt;int&gt; v1{1,2,3};<br>std::vector&lt;int&gt; v2 =&nbsp;std::move(v1);&nbsp;<em>\/\/ \u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>std::move(x)<\/code>\u00a0\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u00a0<code>x<\/code><strong>\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\uff08T&amp;&amp;\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\uff1b\u5e76\u4e0d\u201c\u642c\u8fd0\u201d\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u522b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int&nbsp;a =&nbsp;10;&nbsp;int&amp; lr = a; &nbsp;<em>\/\/ \u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528<\/em><br>int&amp;&amp; rr =&nbsp;5&nbsp;+&nbsp;2; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<em>\/\/ \u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u901f\u8bb0\u6e05\u5355\uff08Cheat Sheet\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code><a href=\"javascript:;\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\" >#include<\/a><\/code>\uff1a\u9879\u76ee\u5185\u00a0<code>\"...\"<\/code>\uff1b\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u00a0<code>&lt;...><\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>const<\/code>\uff1a\u8bfb\u8bed\u4e49\u3001\u9632\u8bef\u6539\u3001\u5229\u4f18\u5316\uff1b<code><a href=\"javascript:;\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\" >#define<\/a><\/code>\u00a0\u65e0\u7c7b\u578b\u4e14\u4ec5\u6587\u672c\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6307\u9488\u4fee\u9970\uff1a<code>const T* p<\/code>\uff08<strong>\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539<\/strong>\uff09 vs.\u00a0<code>T* const p<\/code>\uff08<strong>\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539<\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7edf\u4e00\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u00a0<code>{}<\/code>\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u5371\u9669\u7f29\u7a84\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>auto<\/code>\u00a0\u9700\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1b<code>decltype<\/code>\u00a0\u6309\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>nullptr<\/code>\u00a0\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lambda\uff1a\u6355\u83b7\u00a0<code>[=]<\/code>\uff08\u503c\uff09\/<code>[&amp;]<\/code>\uff08\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u00a0<code>unique_ptr<\/code>\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u7528\u00a0<code>shared_ptr<\/code>\uff0c\u7834\u73af\u7528\u00a0<code>weak_ptr<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\uff1a<code>std::move<\/code>\u00a0\u8868\u8fbe\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","raw":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.&nbsp;#include\uff1a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7&nbsp;&#8221; &#8221;&nbsp;vs. \u5c16\u62ec\u53f7&nbsp;&lt; &gt; \u7ed3\u8bba\u5148\u884c \u67e5\u627e &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"emotion":"","emotion_color":"","title_style":"","license":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c"],"post_thumbnail_image":"","content_first_image":null,"post_medium_image_300":"","post_thumbnail_image_624":"","post_frist_image":null,"post_medium_image":"","post_large_image":"","post_full_image":"","post_all_images":[],"videoAdId":"","listAd":"0","listAdId":"","listAdEvery":6,"total_comments":0,"category_name":"C++","post_date":"2025-09-29","like_count":"0","praiseWord":"\u9f13\u52b1","copyright_state":"","excitationAd":"0","rewardedVideoAdId":"","detailAdId":"","detailAd":"0","enterpriseMinapp":"0","audios":[],"postImageUrl":"https:\/\/wp-moto-1258805347.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com\/2023\/05\/20230519082947553.jpg","avatarurls":[],"related_posts":null,"pageviews":245,"next_post_id":6719,"next_post_title":"AI\u90e8\u7f72\u901a\u7528C++\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9--\u9762\u8bd5\u5fc5\u77e5\u5fc5\u4f1a(part2)","previous_post_id":6680,"previous_post_title":"\u4e8e\u6d77\u5eb7SDK\u7684C++\u5b9e\u65f6\u89c6\u9891\u6d41\u9010\u5e27\u6293\u53d6\u5b58\u56fe\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6717"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6718,"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6717\/revisions\/6718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}