{"id":556,"date":"2023-05-28T01:42:11","date_gmt":"2023-05-27T17:42:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/?p=556"},"modified":"2023-05-28T01:42:11","modified_gmt":"2023-05-27T17:42:11","slug":"linux%e8%bf%9b%e9%98%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/spring-cloud\/linux%e8%bf%9b%e9%98%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u8fdb\u9636"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u00a0

    \n
  1. \n
      \n
    1. grep\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. find\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. sed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u6d41\u7f16\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n
    4. awk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n
    5. tar\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b\u7f29tar\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
    6. rsync\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6216\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n
    7. ssh\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u6267\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n
    8. top\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n
    9. lsof\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n
    10. netstat\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u8def\u7531\u8868\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
    11. du\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n
    12. df\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n
    13. uname\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
    14. ifconfig\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
    15. ping\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
    16. traceroute\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
    17. iptables\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n
    18. systemctl\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406systemd\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
    19. chroot\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n
    20. useradd\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u3002\n

      linux\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u542c\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n

    21. netstat\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u8def\u7531\u8868\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
    22. tcpdump\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n
    23. wireshark\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n
    24. ss\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
    25. lsof\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n
    26. ngrep\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8egrep\u7684\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/li>\n
    27. nmap\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
    28. htop\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u89c6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n
    29. iftop\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u89c6\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002<\/li>\n
    30. iptraf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u89c6\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n

      linux<\/strong>\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/li>\n

    31. umask<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u63a9\u7801\u548c\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7684<\/p>\n

      umask<\/code>\u662f Unix \u548c\u7c7b Unix \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u00a0\u672f\u8bed\u201cumask\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a9\u7801\u201d\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u8fd9 umask<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u00a0\u5b83\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u4f4d\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u00a0 \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c <\/span>umask<\/code>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f <\/span>022<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/span>666<\/code>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6743\u9650\u5c06\u662f <\/span>644<\/code> ( <\/span>666 - 022 = 644<\/code>)\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6709\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6709\u53ea\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/span>umask<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e34\u65f6\u66f4\u6539\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u6c38\u4e45\u66f4\u6539\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n
          \n
        1. chmod
          \n<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 chmod \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u5206\u4e3a\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u5b57\u6bcd r\u3001w\u3001x \u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650 s\u3001t\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 SetUID \u548c SetGID \u6807\u5fd7\u4ee5\u53ca Sticky \u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6743\u9650\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
          \nr (\u8bfb\u6743\u9650)\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002
          \nw (\u5199\u6743\u9650)\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
          \nx (\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650)\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\u3002
          \ns (SetUID \u6216 SetGID \u6807\u5fd7)\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u8005\u7684\u7528\u6237 ID \u6216\u7ec4 ID \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u7528\u6237 ID \u6216\u7ec4 ID\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 SetGID \u6807\u5fd7\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u5c06\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002
          \nt (Sticky \u6807\u5fd7)\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6216\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
          \n\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8868\u793a\u6743\u9650\uff0cLinux \u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0cr \u5bf9\u5e94 4\uff0cw \u5bf9\u5e94 2\uff0cx \u5bf9\u5e94 1\uff0cs \u5bf9\u5e94 4+2=6\uff0ct \u5bf9\u5e94 1+2+4=7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7531\u4e09\u7ec4\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

          linux \u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          ls<\/code>: \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

          cd<\/code>: \u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

          pwd<\/code>: \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

          mkdir<\/code>: \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

          rmdir<\/code>: \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

          cp<\/code>: \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

          mv<\/code>: \u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

          rm<\/code>: \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

          cat<\/code>: \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

          head<\/code>: \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u884c<\/p>\n

          tail<\/code>: \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u51e0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

          grep<\/code>: \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

          find<\/code>: \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

          chmod<\/code>: \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

          chown<\/code>: \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

          ps<\/code>: \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

          top<\/code>: \u5b9e\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

          ssh<\/code>: \u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u53e6\u4e00<\/p>\n

          scp<\/code>: \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

          tar<\/code>: \u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

          gzip<\/code>: \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e tar \u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

          vi<\/code>: \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7f16<\/p>\n

          nano<\/code>: \u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u6bd4 vi \u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n

          \u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7: \u5c0f\u767d\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","raw":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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