{"id":5527,"date":"2024-08-01T22:47:06","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:47:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/?p=5527"},"modified":"2024-08-02T16:07:08","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T08:07:08","slug":"nginx%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%95%b0%e5%91%8a%e8%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xinchewhd.com.cn\/index.php\/nginx\/nginx%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%95%b0%e5%91%8a%e8%ad%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u544a\u8b66"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\u5e8f\u8a00<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u53ea\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u9608\u503c\u4e00\u822c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e07\uff0c\u5f53\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u544a\u8b66\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u6392\u67e5\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017cpu\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u8fd8\u597d\uff0c\u5f53\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u7684\u9608\u503c\u8c03\u9ad8\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6216\u8bb810w\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u6216\u800530w\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u544a\u8b66\u4e5f\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981cpu\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u7d27\u6025\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u5f02\u5e38\u544a\u8b66\u6392\u67e5<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

1 \u67e5\u770b\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f53nginx\u5145\u5f53\u8f6c\u53d1\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u544a\u8b66\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728qps\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u544a\u8b66\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u767b\u5f55\u4e0a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528netstat\u6216\u8005ss\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
netstat<\/span>-tnp|awk'{print $6<\/span>}'<\/span>|sort -nr|uniq -c<\/span><\/code>ss-tap|awk '{print $6<\/span>}'<\/span>|sort -nr|uniq -c<\/span><\/code>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528ss\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5199\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548cnetstat\u4e00\u6837\uff0c<\/span><\/code>\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0css\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793atime wait\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c<\/span><\/code>\u56e0\u4e3ass\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n
\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5360\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0TIME-WAIT\u8fde\u63a5\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u770b\u4e0b\u662f\u54ea\u4e9bip\u5360\u7528\u7684\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
#\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u5730\u7684ip\u4e2d\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9bip\u6570\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a<\/span><\/span><\/code>netstat<\/span>-tnp|grep-itime|awk'{print$4<\/span>}'<\/span>|awk-F\":\"<\/span>'{print$1<\/span>}'<\/span>|sort-nr|uniq -c<\/span><\/code>#\u67e5\u770b\u8fdc\u7aefip\u4e2d\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9bip\u6570\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a<\/span><\/span><\/code>netstat-tnp|grep-itime|awk'{print$5<\/span>}'<\/span>|awk-F\":\"<\/span>'{print$1<\/span>}'<\/span>|sort-nr|uniq-c<\/span><\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n
\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684time wait\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u90fd\u662fnginx\u7684upstream\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\uff0cnginx\u4e0eupstream\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3a\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u672a\u5f00\u542f\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e<\/span><\/p>\n
2 \u67e5\u770bnginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728upsteam\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5565\u90fd\u6ca1\u5199\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bnginx\u4e0eupstream\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Syntax<\/span>:  keepalive connections;<\/span><\/code>Default<\/span>:  \u2014<\/span><\/code>Context<\/span>:  upstream<\/span><\/code>The connections parameter sets the maximum number of<\/span><\/span><\/code> idle keepalive connections to upstream servers <\/span><\/code> that are preserved in the cache of each <\/span><\/code> worker process. When this number is exceeded, <\/span><\/code> the least recently used connections are closed.<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n
\u7279\u522b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684keepalive\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u9650\u5236\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u540eupstream\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u603b\u5171\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
\u4f34\u968f\u7740keepalive\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Syntax<\/span>:  keepalive_timeout timeout;<\/span><\/span><\/code>Default<\/span>:  <\/span><\/code>keepalive_timeout<\/span> 60s;<\/span><\/span><\/code>Context<\/span>:  upstream<\/span><\/span><\/code>Syntax<\/span>:  keepalive_requests number;<\/span><\/span><\/code>Default<\/span>:  <\/span><\/code>keepalive_requests<\/span> 1000;<\/span><\/span><\/code>Context<\/span>:  upstream<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n
\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4fdd\u6301\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e76\u53d1\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06keepalive\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a300\uff0c\u5c06timeout\u548crequests\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5927\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
\u5982\u679ckeepalive_timeout\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c31\u662f\u4f1a\u589e\u5927\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684rt\uff0c\u6d88\u8017nginx\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
\u5728upstream\u7684\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u7b49\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u6709\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u5f88\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
3\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u957f\u8fde\u63a5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8enginx\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c31\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Syntax<\/span>:  keepalive_timeout timeout [header_timeout];<\/span><\/span><\/code>Default<\/span>:  <\/span><\/code>keepalive_timeout<\/span> 75s;<\/span><\/span><\/code>Context<\/span>:  http, server, location<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u662f\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e86\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684connection\u5934\u90e8\u662f\u5426\u4e3aclose\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u662fhttp1.0\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90fd\u662f\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8981\u68c0\u67e5nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5c06connection\u5934\u90e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\"\"\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u4f46\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u662f\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdnginx\u548cupstream\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u662f\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684connection\u5934\u90e8\u662fclose\uff0c\u4f46\u662fnginx\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86connection\u5934\u90e8\u4e3a\"\"\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u5b9enginx\u548c\u540e\u7aef\u4f9d\u65e7\u662f\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u597d\u591atime wait\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u4f18\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\uff08\/etc\/sysctl.conf\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n
net<\/span>.ipv4<\/span>.tcp_keepalive_time<\/span>=1200\u4f7f\u7528tcp<\/span>\u63a2\u6d4b\u5c3d\u5feb\u5904\u7406\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u8fde\u63a5<\/span><\/code>net<\/span>.ipv4<\/span>.tcp_fin_timeout<\/span>=30\u8bbe\u7f6efin<\/span>wait2<\/span>\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7b49\u5f85\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5c3d\u5feb\u91ca\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90<\/span><\/code>net<\/span>.ipv4<\/span>.tcp_max_tw_buckets<\/span>200000\u63a7\u5236timewait<\/span>\u6570\u91cf<\/span><\/code>net<\/span>.ipv4<\/span>.tcp_tw_recycle<\/span>=0\u7981\u7528timewait<\/span>\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/code>net<\/span>.ipv4<\/span>.tcp_tw_reuse<\/span>=1\u542f\u7528timewait<\/span>\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5<\/span><\/code>net<\/span>.ipv4<\/span>.tcp_timestamps<\/span> = 1 \u542f\u7528tcp<\/span>\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8tcp<\/span>\u8fde\u63a5\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/span><\/code>net<\/span>.ipv4<\/span>.netdev_max_backlog<\/span>=262148\u5141\u8bb8\u5165\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u91cf<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n
nginx\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u53c8\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u8fd8\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5199\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5728http\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5728upstream\u6bb5\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
\u6293\u5305\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6293\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u5982\u679cqps\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u78c1\u76d8\u5c31\u70b8\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6293\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5305\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5076\u53d1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f60\u53bb\u6293\u5305\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u75db\u82e6\u4e86\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u6293\u5427\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
\u98ce\u8a00\u98ce\u8bed<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
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